Process of and apparatus for making denatured spirit.



I J W. KENEVEL. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING DENATURED SPIRIT.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 17' I91].

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

NNNE WITNESSES 5 J. W. KENEVEL.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING DENATURED SPIRIT.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 17, 1911.

1,1 76,1 50. 1111611161 Mar. 21, 19111.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR Jeanzzai WKk/mue Z WITNESSES w flzag 3.4

A TTORNE Y J. W. KENEVEL.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING DENATURED SPIRIT. APPLICATION FILEDMAY 17, 1911.

1,1761 50. I Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES: IN VEN TOR A1. ATTORNEY.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. JEANNOT W. KENEVEL, OF PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO DISTOL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF WILMINGTON,DELAWARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING DENATURED SPIRIT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application fiIed May 17, 1911. Serial No. 627,712.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JEANNOT W. KENEVEL,

A a citizen of the United States of America,

residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State ofPennsylvania, have 1nvented a certain new and useful Improvement inProcesses of and Apparatus for Making Denatured Spirit, of which thefollowing is a true and exact description, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part thereof.

My present invention relates to processes of distillation, andapparatus'forcarrying out the same, and the primary object of myinvention is the economical manufacture of a homogeneous liquid productformed Y mainly or largely from vapors of ethyl alcohol but containingconstituents whereby the product while generally similar to ethylalcohol (hydrated oxid of ethyl) and equally valuable with ethyl alcoholfor most purposes in the arts for which ethyl alcohol is or may beemployed, is not, and cannot by any practical method be readilyconverted into a potable spirit, or one suitable for medicinal purposes.Y

.A further object of my invention is to provide apparatus and processesby means of which the production of denatured spirit may be carried onautomatically and continuously except for the usual care with regard tothe supplying of raw material, the discharge of waste material and themaintenance of the proper temperature conditions to effect the reactionof the materials undergoing treatment and the vaporization andcondensation of the varied constituents thereof.

-Broadly speaking, the process of my invention involves the destructivedistillation of such carbonaceous organic materials as flesh, bones,coal, lignite, peat, wood and other cellular vegetable materials, suchas corn stalks, weeds and grain straw, which,

when so distilled, yield vapors composed of hydrocarbons, either free ormixed with nitrogenous compounds and condensing at temperatures in theneighborhood of that at which ethyl alcohol condenses. The temperatureat which this destructive distillation is carried out will depend uponthe material subjected to the distillation, but in general, it should becarried out at such temperatures and under such conditions as to producea proportionately large yield of the desirable denaturant constituentswhich are those which condense at temperatures at or about therectification temperature of high proof ethyl alcohol, and are solublein the denatured spirit ultimately produced, and in practice this meansthose soluble in ethyl alcohol. I

In addition to the destructive distillation of carbonaceous organicmaterial the invention involves also the generation of the alcoholicvapors from fermented materials, the mixture of these vapors with thevapors obtained by the destructive distillation step, or at least allconstituents thereof which are soluble in the denatured spirit produced,and condense at temperatures at or about the rectification temperatureof high proof ethyl alcohol.

The invention includes as a final step the rectification of the mixture.4

While the steps referred to are all essential to my process they neednot be carried out as separate and distinct steps, and, in practice, Iprefer to condense all of the vapors from the destructive distillationof the organic material which condense at temperatures of about 200Fahr. or below, prior to anymixture with ethyl alcohol and then pass thecondensate or a portion of it as hereinafter explained, into a suitabledistilling and rectifying apparatus into which the ethyl alcohol intowhich ethyl alcohol is introduced as vapors or as unrectified high winesor in which ethyl alcohol vapors are generated from fermented materials.In practice also, I prefer to separate from the condensed vaporsproduced by destructive distillation and passed to the distilling andrectifying apparatus, the heavy tarry liquids condensing readily at orabove about 210 to 220, Fahrenheit, and also the substances which aregaseous at ordinary atmospheric temperatures. 1 More or less valuablebyproducts may be obtained from the liquids and to some extent also fromthe gaseous PatentedMar. 21,1916.

materials thus separated out and the gaseous the mixture for most if notall of the numerous diflerent constituents of the residue including somepresent in relatively minute quantities add, or add to, some noxiousproperty of the ultimate denatured spirit produced.

By mixing the condensate. from the destructive distillation with thefermented material in the preferred manner spec fied I avoid theformation of vapors at any stage of the Operation which can be condensedas ethyl alcohol free from the denaturants, a desirable consideration asit tends to simplify and reduce the inspection and care necessary toavoid possible evasions of the excise regulations affecting themanufacture of alcoholic spirits. The generation of the vapors from thefermented material in the presence of the denaturant vapors I consideradvantageous also, because I believe that this tends to the productionof a more perfectly homogeneous ultimate product, and tends also Ibelieve, to make the product more diflicult to free from itsdenaturants.

When the organic material subjected to the destructive distillation inthe process described is wood, or of a woody nature, a main constituentof the denaturant is: methyl alcohol, but the vapors resulting from thisdistillation and eventually combined or dissolved in the denaturedspirit, ordinarily and advantageously comprise also methyl acetate,furfurol, the mixture of phenols,

known as creosote and other bodies of tarry and empyreumatic odor,formic aldehyde, acetone, and appreciable through minute quantities offormic acid, proprionic acid, butyric acid, valerianic acid, acetate ofammonia, methylamin and allyl alcohol and to obtain these substances inrelatively large amounts it is desirable that the destructivedistillation of wood or woody materials should be carried on at atemperature ranging from about 300 to about 530 Fahrenheit, and itshould be explained at this point that when the wood or 'woody materialssubjected to the destructive distillation is of a resinous character itis advisable to first treat the wood to free it in a large measure fromturpentine and the terpenes, partly because of the value of theseby-products and partly also because turpentine and the terpenes do notform suitable denaturants.

In preparing the denaturant constituents in accordance with the presentinvention by the destructive distillation of peat, the temperature atwhich the distillation should be carried on, and the resultant productsare much the same as those prevailing and obtained in the destructivedistillation of wood.

When coal is the carbonaceous Organic material subjected to destructivedistillation the latter should be carried on preferably at a dull redheat of say in the neightion.

borhood of 1200 Fahrenheit. The most important denaturants obtained fromthe destructive distillation of coal are believed to be those known as,crude benzol, including benzene, toluene and xylene.

When shale and lignite are subjected to destructive distillation inorder to provide denaturants in accordance with the present inventionthe temperature at which these substances are distilled, and in ageneral able sources of denaturants produced by 1 destructivedistillation, may be simultaneously'distilled to provide the denaturantsfor a single resulting product, and that in some cases it Will beadvantageous, either because of'the particular use to which the ultimateproduct is to be put or from reasons of economy in the cost of rawmaterial, to use one or more of these substances to the exclusion of theothers. For ordinary practical purposes I consider wood and materials ofa Woody nature to be the most suitable substances to be destructivelydistilled for 'the production of denaturants in accordance with thepresent invention. The wood oil brought over during the destructivedistillation of wood materially increases the calorific value of thefinal product.

In the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification I haveaimed to point out with particularity the various novel elements andcombinations comprising my invention. For a better understanding of theinvention, however, and the advantages possessed by it, reference shouldbe had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which Ihave illustrated and described forms of apparatus and methodsadvantageously employed in carrying out the invention.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of one formof apparatus constructed in accordance with and suitable for carryingout the present inven Fig. 2 is a similar representation of another formof apparatus, and Fig. 3 is a partial representation of a third form ofapparatus.

In the drawings, and referring first to the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, Arepresents a suitable vessel or retort in which wood or other suitablematerial may be destructively distilled, and such vessel may be mountedin a suitable fire chamber and heated in any approved manner. Suchchamber may have a grate upon which a fire may be built and maintainedwith ordinary fuel. The products of combustion from such fire may beconducted through a suitable channel or passage (not shown) to asuitable chamber in which an ordinary pot still 3 may be mounted, or ifdesired, a beer still may be used. This still may be of the usual type,capable of distilling ethyl spirit from suitable material, such asapples, potatoes, grain, cornstalks and any other fermentable material,suitably prepared in the form of mash. This still may be heated by theproducts of combustion from the combustion chamber of the retortA, or Imay provide an independent fire for the same. After performing theirdesired function, the products of combustion may escape by way of asuitable chimney (not shown). The vapors from the destructivedistillation of the wood or other material in the retort A pass to apipe 1 and from the latter to a catch-all G. Such vapor carries inaddition to the pyroligneous acid, acetones and various other materialsvaluable for their denaturant properties a large amount of tarry residuewhich condenses readily at or above temperatures of 210-220 Fahrenheit.It is desirable to separate from such vapor as many of these hightemperature condensation products as possible and they may collect insaid catchall which maybe maintained at a temperature of about 210 to220 Fahrenheit. The condensate collecting in the catch-all may overflowtherefrom through a pipe 2. The uncondensed vapors from the retort passfrom said catch-all to a pipe 3 leading to the rest of the apparatus.

The products of combustion from the fire chamber in addition to heatingthe pot still,

may circulate around a tubular boiler E in which steam is generated andemployed as the medium for heating and distilling columns to which thecondensed vapor is conducted in its passage through the apparatus.

' From the pipe 3 the vapor is passed to a common reservoir or receiverF mounted in a suitable condensing chamber G which may be filled withwater or any other desired cooling medium. A coil H leads from the areservoir F; the inlet to such coil being disposed near-the top ofthereservoir as indicated. The purpose of this coil will be more fullydescribed hereinafter. The

reservoir F may be provided with a discharge pipe 4 having a suitablecock 5, to

, drain any condensation therefrom. I preferably dispose a; said pipe 3another collector D for any tarry residue carried over by the vaporwhich collector communicates with the catch-all by means of a plpe 6.

ceiver F where they mix with the vaporfrom the distilling wood, or othersource of a denaturizing vapor. In this common receiver or reservoir theethyl and methyl spirit vapors become thoroughly commingled'and losetheir original-identity in a vapor that finally condenses as a de-.

natured alcohol, incapable, practically of being purified to an ethylform. It will be understood that the proportions of the vapor mixed insaid receivermay vary, and

excess of the methyl vapor since but a relatively small quantity of thelatter is necessary for admixture with the former for the purpose ofdenaturization.

in all instances the ethyl vapor may be in The delivery pipe I from thedephleg- 1 mator I to the receiver F is sealed at I against tampering,in order that no ethyl spirit may be independently condensed incontravention of the law concerning the distillation of any and allspirit vapors.

From the receiver or reservoir F the combined vapor passes to the coil Hin which it.

is condensed and from said coil the condensed body discharges into a boxJ, such box having a battle plate or weir J in order that a certainheight of liquid may be maintained in said box. From the box J the bodyof condensed vapor passes via a pipe 7 trapped at 8 to the base of acolumn still K. The body of condensed vapor passing from the coil Hcarries with it certain inflammable gases, and the use of the baflieplate whichcauses the liquid to form a seal eifects the separation ofthese gases therefrom which discharge into a suitable vessel L which maybe mounted directly above the box J and connected thereto by a pipe -9,such pipe having its discharge end sealed by condensed liquid or waterwithin the vessel L. The gas discharged within this receptacle L may besubsequently conveyed by means of pipe 10 to a burner 11 disposedbeneath the'pot still B. Y

From the column still K the vapor rising therein from the condensedspirit passes to a condenser M where it enters a cooling coil M and fromwhich it discharges via a trapped pipe 12 to the base of a secondboiling head KA, from the top of which it enters a second condenser MA,and from the cooling coil M ofthe latter it passes to the usual try boxN from which it may be discharged in any usual manner.

The column stills K, KA are heated by steam which is delivered from thetubular base of the first column still K and from the latter through apipe 14 to a coil KA' in the base of the second column still KA, or ifdesired, I may provide a bypass 15 so that either or both column stillsmay be supplied Instead of employing the exhaust steam for.

the purpose of heating the pot still or beer still B, I may provide apipe 17 which leads directly from the main steam pipeto said pot or beerstill.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is particularly intended for farm use andin units of comparatively small size and it is practically possible tomake such apparatus as is shown in Fig. 1 portable so that it may bemounted on a wagon.

The apparatus shown in Fig. is of a more complete and eflicient typethan that shown in Fig. 1 and is intended for use in carrying out themost approved form of my method in which there are first separated outfrom the products from the destructive distillation of the organiccarbonaceous materials, the heavy tarry liquids and other substancesreadily condensable at temperatures appreciably above the finalrectification temperature of high proof alcohol, and then the substanceswhich are gaseous at ordinary atmospheric temperatures; the remainingproducts are then passed into the rectifying apparatus wholly or largelyin the form'of liquids and are mixed in the rectifying apparatus withthe beer or diluted mash from which the ethyl vapors are generated, the

- mixture being thereafter distilled and rectified.

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 the retort in which wood, coal, orother organic carbonaceous material is subjected to destructivedistillation is indicated by AA and may be of any form suitable for thepurpose except that I prefer to provide means as the pipe 41 andconnections for injecting steam into the retort proper to regulate thetemperature therein as hereinafter explained.

' The vapors resulting from the destructive distillation carried on inthe retort AA pass through the pipe 17 to a catch-all CA provided with achamber C serving to maintain at all times a liquid seal about theinserted end of the pipe 17. The temperature within the catch-all ismaintained at such a regulated temperature, say about 210 to 220Fahrenheit, that no condensation will take place therein except of theheavy tarry liquids and other substances which it is desired to condenseand remove at this point. To regulate the temperature within thecatch-all CA a coil C may be provided into which a temperatureregulating fluid, as steam, is admitted as conditions require. The heavytarry liquids and other materials condensing and collecting in thecatch-all CA overflow through the pipe 18 into a reservoir O. Theuncondensed vapors escape from the catch-all (A through the pipe 19which leads to a second catch-all P containing a chamber P serving tomaintain a liquid seal about the lower end of the pipe 19. Thearrangement of the apparatus shouid be such that all of the vaporspassing into the catch-all P through the pipe 19 are condensed thereinexcept the constituents of those vapors which are gaseous at ordinaryatmospheric temperatures. On this account I consider it necessar in someinstances to provide the catch-all P with special cooling apparatus forthe vapors entering it, though where the pipe 19 is comparatively longthe loss of heat into the atmosphere from the pipe and the catch-allitself may be relied upon to effect the desired condensation within thecatch-all P. The vapors and gases which are not condensed within thecatchall P may escape from the latter through the pipe 20 and may beutilized either by recovering their valuable constituents in suitableapparatus or by burning them and utilizing the heat thereby generated orpartly in one way and partly in the other. The condensate formed andaccumulating in the catch-all P flows from the latter through the pipe21 containing the seal loop 22 to the mixing chamber K of the distillingand rectifying column KB. The column KB comprises an upper boiling'headK a column K containing baffles K and abase chamber K at the lower endof the column K A acket K surrounds the boiling head K and is separatedtherefrom by a space K The beer or diluted mash is supplied to thechamber K through the pipe Q and coil Q, the latter being located withinthe space K The coil Q is connected at its lower end as through the sealloop Q? to the chamber K In order to maintain a proper temperature inthe space K provisions, as the steam supply pipe 24 and the waste pipe25 may be made for supplying steam to this space and drawingolf water ofcondensation. The tank R connected at its upper end to the space K by apipe 23 and to the tower end of this space by a pipe 23 serves as anequalizing and heat storing receptacle, which with the space K and theconnections between them provide a steam or steam and water circulatingsystem.

The chamber K opens to the interior of the boiiing head at the lower endof the the chamber K there leads a discharge pipe 35 which may becontrolled by any usual or suitable means, not shown. To the upper endof the chamber K is connected a vapor sampler tube 36, running tosampling apparatus, not shown.

The spirit distilled and rectified within the apparatus KB passes outof'the upper i the desired temperature of between 165 and 185Fahrenheit, and ordinarily about I 178 Fahrenheit, for the finalrectification of the denatured spirit. From the outlet end of the goosenecks the denatured spirit, freed from water, passes through the pipe 26to the condenser T wherein the spirit is condensed in the usualcondensing coil or worm contained therein.

31 and 31, represent the inlet and outlet connections to the condenser Tfor cooling water, by. means of which the tem erature in the condenseris maintained at a out or 70 Fahrenheit, as is usual in condensing ethylalcohol. The condensed spirit passes through the pipe 30 to the finalapparatus NA where the condensed spirit is dis charged and the-vaporspassing through the condenser T without condensation are permitted toescape. The steam pipe 34 is shown as having branches 39 and 40 runningto the coil 0? and to the perforated tube 41 located within the retortAA. The branch pipes 39 and 10 are controlled by suitable valves 42 and13 respectively. The

pipe 41 is employed to inject steam into the retort AA in order toregulate the temperature thereof and it is particularly useful when woodor materials of a woody nature are being destructively distilled thereinand for one reason or another the temperature in the retort rises toohigh to obtain the best results, steam then being supplied to lower thetemperature in-the retort.

The spent liquor discharge from the distilling and rectifying column KBthrough the pipe 35 contains a small quantity of a1 cohol andappreciable quantities of substances carried into the distillingapparatus from the destructive distillation apparatus and I have foundthat excellent results may be obtained by employing this spent liquor incooking or'otherwise preparing the vegetable materials fermented tofurnish. the ethyl alcohol vapors. The use of the spent liquor for thispurpose I believe to be advantageous because the use of the liquormaterially hastens the fermentation; and also because the noxiousmaterials thus admixed to the mash in effect poisons the latter and notonly makes it impossible to generate pure undenatured ethyl alcohol fromthe mash, but results I believe in the utilization in the ultimateproduct of some of the noxious and hence desirable-substances containedin the spent liquor.

The apparatus shown in Fig. 3 is devised to carry out a form of myinvention in which, after the elimination of the heavy tarry impuritiesand the substances gaseous at ordinary atmospheric temperatures andpressures, the remaining products of the destructive distillation areintroduced in liquid form into a distilling and rectifying apparatusinto which is introduced also unrectified high wines produced in aseparate still by-the distillation of fermented vegetable material. Inthis form of apparatus BB, represents the still for distilling thefermented vegetable matter. 51, represents the conduit through which thebeer or mash is introduced into the still. 50, the conduit through whichthe vapor for sampling may be withdrawn. 17, the steam supply pipe, and52, the spent liquor discharge pipe. The still BB is provided with adephlegmator IA from the top of which leads the vapor discharge pipe IAwhich discharges its contents into the upper end of the condenser MB.From the upper end of the condenser MB the vapors and condensate passdown through pipes MB around which circulates water admitted throughpipe 51 discharged through the pipe 53. The vapors after being condensedin the tubes MB pass through the hydraulic seal MB and in the lower endof the shell of the condenser MB are mixed with the destructivedistillation condensate. The latter is passed 1 into the lower end ofthe condenser MB through the pipe 21, including the seal 22 from thecatch-all P, which may be idento supply heat for effecting thedistillation and rectification carried on in the column KC, a steaminjector connection 56 is made to the pipe MB adjacent its dischargeend. The portion K of the distilling and rectifying column KC may besubstantially identical with the portions K and -K of the. column KB ofFig. 2, except that the jacket K and connections pertaining to the space\inclosed thereby of Fig. 2, are omitted in Fig. 3. The combined vaporspass from the top of the column KC through the pipe K to a suitabledoubler and condenser apparatus, which may be identical with the doublerMA and condenser '1 ofFig. 2. The liquid condensed in this doubler isreturned to the column KC through the pipe 28.

With the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 the hydraulic seal maintained at MBavoids all possibility of the products from the destructive distillationblowing back into the still BB, and the spent liquor from the latter isnot necessarily contaminated by admixture with the products from thedestructive distillation. This is of importance when it is desired touse the waste products of the still BB for cattle feeding and some otherpurposes. In the apparatus of Fig. 3, as well as in that of Figs. 1 and2, the denatured spirit is condensed from a vapor mixture containingvapors of ethyl spirit and vaporized denaturants, and is producedcontinuously and in closed apparatus, which may be, and as shown. is, ofsuch construction that it is practically impossible to withdraw ethylspirit unmixed with denaturants. The denatured spirit produced by theprocess described contains noxious and poisonous constituents whicheffectively pre- W ligneous odor and the irritating effect of the fumesgiven off when open to the atmosphere. denatured spirit can b'e used forpractically all purposes for which undenatured ethyl spirit is suitableand with equally good results. In particular the new spirit haspractically the same solvent properties and the same fuel value as ethvlalcohol. It possesses in common with ethyl alcohol the desirablecharacteristic for a safe liquid fuel that when'fiaming the flamesmay'be extinguished by throwing water on them. My improved denaturedspirit is not claimed herein, however, but is claimed in. my co-pendingapplication. Serial No. 661,229, filed November 20, 1911 as a divisionof this case.

A very important practical advantage of the invention arises from thefact that the Except as noted, however, the

duces such inspection to a minimum.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists indestructively distilling carbonaceous organic material, generatingvapors of ethyl alcohol, effecting a vapor mixture of the ethyl alcoholwith vaporized products of the destructive distillation, and rectifyingand condensing .said spirit from the vapor mixture.

2. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists indestructively distilling carbonaceous organic material, generatingvapors of ethyl alcohol, effecting a Vapor mixture of the ethyl alcoholwith vaporized products of the destructive dis tillation, and rectifyingand condensing saidspirit from the vapor mixture, eliminating from saidproducts prior to the mixture, products gaseous at ordinary atmospherictemperatures.

3. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists indestructively distilling carbonaceous organic material, generatingvapors of ethyl alcohol, effecting a vapor mixture of the ethyl alcoholwith vaporized products of the destructive distillation, and rectifyingand condensing said spirit from the vapor mixture, eliminating from saidproducts prior to the mixture. products condensing at temperatures inthe neighborhood of, and above the boiling temperature of water. 7

4. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists in generatingand mixing vapors of ethyl alcohol and the va-'' pors of those productsof the destructive distillation of carbonaceous organic material andhaving boiling points in the neighborhood of. the boiling point of ethvlalcohol. and rectifving and condensing said spirit from said mixture.

5. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists indestructively distilling carbonaceous organic material. eliminating fromthe substances vaporized thereby those condensing at temperatures in theneighborhood of and above the boiling temperature of water, and thosewhich are gaseous at ordinarv atmospheric temperatures, condensing theresidue, mixing the condensate thus obtained with fermented vegetablematter, distilling the mixture and rectifying and condensing thedistillate.

6. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists indestructively distilling wood, distilling fermented vegetable matter togenerate vapors of ethyl alcohol, effecting a vapor mixture of the ethylalcohol with vaporized products of the destructive distillation, andrectifying and condensing said spirit from the vapor mixture. 7. Themethod of forming a denatured spirit which consists in destructivelydistilling wood, distilling fermented vegetable matter to generatevapors of ethyl alcohol, eflecting'a'vapor mixture. of the ethyl alcoholwith vaporized products of the destructive distillation, and rectifyingand condensing said spirit from the vapor mixture, eliminating from saidproducts prior to the mixture, products gaseous at ordinarv atmospherictemperatures.

'8. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists indestructively distilling wood, distilling fermented vegetable matter togenerate vapors of ethyl alcohol, effecting a vapor mixture of the ethylalcohol with vaporized products of the destructive distillation, andrectifying and condensing said spirit from the vapor mixture,

eliminating from said products, prior to the mixture, productscondensing at tempera; tures in the neighborhood of and above theboiling temperature of water.

9. The method of forming a denatured spirit, which consists insubjecting wood to destructive distillation at a temperature of 330 to530 Fahrenheit, eliminating from the substances vaporized thereby thosewhich condense at temperatures at or above the boiling point of waterand those which are gaseous at ordinary atmospheric temperatures,effecting a vaporized mixture of the residue with ethyl alcohol, andrectifying and condensing said spirit from the mixture.

10. The method of forming a denatured spirit, which consists insubjecting wood to destructive distillation at a temperature of from 330to 530 Fahrenheit, condensing out of the vapors products, andeliminating those substances which have boiling temperatures in theneighborhood of and above that of water, condensing from the residuethose substances which condense at ordinary atmospheric temperatures,el'minating the uncondensed vapor, mixing he condensate I last obtainedwith a fermented' mash, disthose substances which have boilingtemperatures in the neighborhood or above that of water, condensing fromthe residue those substances which condense at ordinary atmospherictemperatures, eliminating the uncondensed vapor, mixing the condensatelast obtained with a fermented mash, and distilling, rectifying andcondensing the mash containing mixture, rectifying the distillate andcondensin therefrom the denatured spirit, and utilizing the spent liquorof the distillation and rectification of the mash mixture in thepreparation of the fermented mash employed.

12. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists indistilling fermented vegetable matter, destructively distillingcarbonaceous organic matter, effecting a vaporous mixture comprising allproducts of the two distillations which do not condense at or above thetemperature of the boiling point of water and which are not gaseous atordinary atmospheric temperatures and rectifying and condensing thedenatured spirit from said mixture.

13. The method of forming a denatured spirit which consists indestructively dis tilling carbonaceous organic matter, passing productsvaporized by said distillation into a distilling and mixing chamber,distilling fermented vegetable matter in said chamber and condensing thedenatured spirit from the vapor'mixture effected in said chamber.

14. Apparatus for producing a denatured spirit, comprising incombination 'a still for the destructive distillation of carbonaceousorganic matter, a still for distilling fermented vegetable matter andrectifying and condensing apparatus connected to both stills into whichthe vapors of substances vaporized in both of said stills pass. and inwhich the denatured spirit is rectified and condensed.

15. Apparatus for producing a denatured spirit comprising in combinationa still for the destructive distillation of carbonaceous organic matter,a second still adapted for the distillation of fermented vegetablematter, rectifying and condensing apparatus connected to said secondstill, means for supplying fermented vegetable matter to said secondstill, and a conduit connection between said stills for conveyingproducts vaporized in the first mentioned still to said second still.

16. Apparatus for producing a denatured spirit comprising in combinationa still for the destructive distillation of carbonaceous organic matter,a second still adapted for the distillation of fermented vegetablematter, rectifying and condensing apparatus connected to said secondstill, means for supplying fermented vegetable matter to said secondstill, and a conduit connection between saidjstills for conveyingproducts vaporized in the first mentioned still to said second still,said connection including provisions for condensing and separating out 2those products of the destructive distillation which condense attemperatures in the neighborhood of and above the boiling temperaturesof water;

1?. Apparatus for producing a denatured s pirit comprising incombination a still for he destructive distillation of carbonaceousorganic matter, a second; still adapted for the distillationof'v'fermented vegetable matter, rectifying and condensing apparatusconnected to said second still, means for supplyin fermented vegetablematter to said second still and a conduit connection between said stillsfor conveying products vaporized in the first mentioned still to saidsecond still, said connection including provisions for diverting fromsaid second still the products of' the first mentioned still which aregaseous at ordinary atmospheric temperatnres.

'18. Apparatus; for producing a denatured spirit comprising incombination a still for the destructive distillation of carbonaceousorganic matter, a second stilladapted for the distillation of fermentedvegetable matter, rectifying 'and condensing apparatus connected to saidsecond still, means for supplying fermented vegetable matter to saidsecond still and a conduit connection between said stills for conveyingproducts vaporized in the first mentioned still to said second still,said connection including provisions for maintaining a hydraulic seal to"the path of the vapor products from the first mentioned still with aliquid discharge therefrom and provisions for maintaining said seal at atemperature in the neighborhood of'the boiling temperature of water.

19. Apparatus for producing a denatured spirit comprising in combinationa still for the destructive distillation of carbonaceous organic matter,a second still adapted for the distillation of fermentedvegetable'matter, rectifying and condensing apparatus connected to saidsecond still, means for supplying fermented vegetable matter to saidsecond still and a conduit connection beter, condensingapparatusconnected to said I second still, means for supplying fermentedvegetable matter to said second still, and a conduit connection betweensaid stills and provisions associated therewith for first co-ndensing'and eliminating the products of the destructive distillationcondensing at temperatures in the neighborhood of and above the boilingtemperature of water, and for thereafter condensing the remainingproducts, ekcept those gaseous at ordinary atmcspheric temperatures andfor discharging the condensate thus formed into said second still andfor diverting from said second still said products gaseous at ordinaryatmospheric temperatures.

JEANNOT w. 'KENEVEL.

' Witnessesr ARNOLD KATZ,

-S. STEWART.

